A recent review published in the March 2024 edition of Current Problems in Cardiology cautions against the ketogenic (keto) diet, highlighting its deviation from established standards of a healthy diet and potential risks for individuals with heart disease.
The review synthesizes existing evidence regarding the impact of keto diets on heart disease risk. While the diet may yield significant reductions in fat mass and weight in the short term, evidence supporting long-term benefits remains scant. Furthermore, ketogenic diets have been associated with lowered levels of triglycerides but elevated levels of LDL cholesterol, a known contributor to arterial plaque buildup. Despite initial improvements in blood sugar and blood pressure, sustained benefits appear to diminish over time.
One notable concern raised by the review is the restrictive nature of the keto diet, which often leads individuals to limit their intake of vegetables and fruits while increasing consumption of leafy greens. However, this dietary pattern may inadvertently interfere with the effectiveness of anticoagulant medications such as warfarin, due to the presence of vitamin K in these foods. Additionally, the review highlights potential compatibility issues between the keto diet and medications like SGLT-2 inhibitors, commonly prescribed for diabetes and heart failure management.
In light of these findings, the review underscores the need for careful consideration and monitoring when adopting a keto diet, particularly among individuals with preexisting heart conditions. It emphasizes the importance of consulting healthcare professionals to assess the suitability of the diet and its potential interactions with medications, thereby ensuring comprehensive management of cardiovascular health.