As World Thyroid Day approaches on May 25, health experts underscore the significance of dietary choices in effectively managing thyroid-related conditions. The thyroid gland, responsible for regulating metabolism, can be affected by disorders resulting in either overproduction (hyperthyroidism) or underproduction (hypothyroidism) of thyroid hormones, thereby disrupting various bodily functions.
Highlighting the pivotal role of diet, experts stress that while certain foods can ameliorate thyroid conditions, others may exacerbate them. Although diet alone may not offer a cure for thyroid disorders, it can significantly contribute to their management.
In India, nearly 42 million individuals grapple with thyroid disorders, with approximately 8% of households consuming inadequately iodized salt, leading to iodine deficiency disorders, goitre, and hypothyroidism.
Dr. Mahesh DM, Consultant in Endocrinology at Aster CMI Hospital, underscores the thyroid gland’s reliance on specific nutrients such as iodine, selenium, and zinc. While iodine and selenium directly impact thyroid disorders like goitre and hypothyroidism, excessive iodine intake may precipitate thyrotoxicosis, characterized by an excess of circulating thyroid hormones.
To alleviate constipation, a common symptom of hypothyroidism, Dr. Mahesh recommends a fibre-rich diet comprising abundant fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats like avocados, nuts, and fatty fish. He advocates for the inclusion of iodized salt, lentils, red meat, seafood, nuts, and eggs in the diet.
Dr. Mahesh advises moderation in consuming cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower due to their goitrogenic properties. However, individuals undergoing hypothyroidism treatment with thyroid hormone replacement medication should avoid these vegetables altogether.
Dr. Pramila Kalra, Head of Department and Consultant in the Department of Endocrinology at Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, underscores the significance of a balanced diet for pregnant women, given its impact on the developing baby’s brain health.
As the medical community continues to emphasize the crucial link between diet and thyroid health, awareness of dietary strategies and considerations becomes increasingly vital in managing thyroid disorders effectively.