A new study has discovered that lung cancer tumours may thrive on glycogen, a form of sugar stored in the body. Researchers at the University of Florida have described glycogen as “cancer’s giant lollipop,” highlighting its role as a significant source of nourishment for cancer cells.
The study explores the relationship between diet and lung cancer development, revealing that high glycogen levels in cancer cells are associated with more aggressive and faster tumour growth. The findings offer new insights into how common dietary habits could influence lung cancer progression.
The Role of Diet in Lung Cancer
The research team fed mice a “Western diet” rich in fats and fructose — a type of sugar commonly found in fruits. This diet led to the rapid expansion of lung tumours. The study also noted that high-fructose corn syrup, a common sweetener in processed foods and beverages, could contribute to tumour growth by increasing glycogen levels in the body.
In contrast, lowering glycogen levels resulted in reduced tumour growth, indicating that glycogen plays a crucial role in the nourishment of lung cancer cells. The researchers concluded, “The typical Western diet increases glycogen levels, and glycogen feeds lung cancer tumours by providing the building blocks for growth.”
Glycogen as a Predictor of Tumour Growth
Lung cancer’s connection to diet has been less explored compared to other cancers, but this study sheds light on the potential link. The researchers found that glycogen levels were an “exceptionally good predictor” of tumour progression and mortality in lung cancer patients, according to Ramon Sun, PhD, lead researcher and associate professor at the University of Florida Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research.
Dr. Sun pointed out that, unlike cancers of the pancreas or liver, lung cancer has not traditionally been viewed as a disease influenced by diet. “Lung cancer has not traditionally been thought of as a dietary-related disease,” he explained. “However, when it comes to lung cancer, the idea that diet could play a role is rarely discussed.”
Breaking New Ground in Cancer Research
The study, published in Nature Metabolism, builds upon previous research into Lafora disease, a rare neurological condition studied by Professors Sun and Matthew Gentry. This new research marks one of the first instances where diet has been directly linked to lung cancer development.
In addition to providing valuable insights into cancer prevention, the findings offer potential treatment avenues. Professor Gentry highlighted that three existing drugs targeting glycogen levels — originally developed for Lafora disease — could be repurposed for lung cancer treatment.
A Broader Approach to Cancer Prevention
Professor Sun emphasized the importance of a comprehensive approach to cancer prevention. He compared the fight against lung cancer to the success of the anti-smoking campaign, urging public awareness and policy-driven strategies to promote healthier dietary choices.
“For long-term cancer prevention, we should take a broader approach, similar to the success of the anti-smoking campaign. Promoting healthier dietary habits should be an integral part of disease prevention strategies,” said Professor Sun.
By focusing on glycogen and diet, this research opens up new avenues for both prevention and treatment. The study reinforces the importance of maintaining a nutrient-rich diet, staying active, and limiting alcohol intake to reduce cancer risk.
In conclusion, fostering better dietary habits can be a powerful tool in the fight against lung cancer, offering hope for long-term health and prevention.
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